Profitability Investment Factor

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Profitability Investment Factor

Profitability Investment Factor

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Received: January 20, 2021 / Revised: March 11, 2021 / Accepted: March 18, 2021 / Published: April 1, 2021

The article aims to identify and evaluate the financial factors that affect the investment behavior of Lithuanian companies. The article briefly reviews and summarizes previous research that provides detailed evidence of financial factors influencing investment behavior. The study is done with correlation-regression and statistics. Sixteen Lithuanian companies, whose shares are listed on the Nasdaq Baltic stock exchange and whose main activity is not related to financial instruments, were selected for the study. In addition, 58 companies are listed on the Nasdaq Baltic stock exchange (32 companies on the official list, 26 companies on the supplementary list). There are only 26 Lithuanian trade associations in both lists. From 26 Lithuanian companies listed in this auction, 16 were chosen whose activities are not related to financial affairs. The results of the study provided strong evidence that the financial assets of a company have a positive impact on capital and overall profitability, that is, Lithuanian companies with high profitability invest more often to Investors, while companies with capital of debt and high profit margins pass less. The study showed that the performance indicators of Lithuanian companies have a weak impact on the company’s total financial assets; therefore, it can be assumed that this involves cognitive and heuristic factors.

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In today’s market, there is a wide choice of investors based on the most important factors in a business. Investment as a source of income is one of the most important things to plan for the future. However, the revenue is not recognized due to the current crisis. As a result, the biggest challenge for investors is to develop and choose an appropriate investment strategy. The strategic plan is a system of long-term investment objectives of the company, which defines the established objectives, the main direction of operation, the level of risk tolerance and evaluation methods. Global financial markets present new challenges for investors, which are addressed through financial performance. The theory of financial performance opposes traditional financial theories, which say that investors are rational and create markets that reflect the general situation at hand (Kartašova 2013). According to the theory, the prediction of investment decisions cannot be based only on the fact that there are two factors cognitive (humans can process information) and emotional (humans can evaluate the information gathered) to facilitate the decision-making process.

There are many scientific studies that look at financial behavior, which show the different reasons and investment strategies used by investors and companies. Bhatnagar (2016) stated that investors should be more than entrepreneurs. Erel et al. (2017) shows that the company’s investment depends on water quality, Vo et al. (2017) examine how a company invests in customer satisfaction with goods and services. However, it must be said that entering the financial markets of companies whose main activity is not in the field of investment. Several studies have been conducted in Lithuania looking at the investment behavior of companies: namely, the research done by Jurevičienė et al. (2013, 2014), Bikas and Kavaliauskas (2010). They look at the nature of non-commercial investors operating in Lithuania when making investment decisions. Research has shown that the emphasis on the analysis of investment behavior and the use of investment strategy in creating portfolios involves larger companies.

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Another important aspect is the factors that influence the investment industry. In this situation, it is important to mention a large part of the financial industry on the power of investors and managers. Park and Sohn (2013) stated that there are two important ways in the market: investors who influence the powers of imagination of companies, and the decisions of imagination, on the value of the business . There are several scientific works in the literature that look at the impact of the company’s employees (Bolton et al. 2018), Chief Financial Officer (CFO) (Florackis and Sainani 2018) or Chief Executive Officer (CEO) (Herciu and Ogrean 2014, Herciu). and Ogrean 2014) on a company’s investment policy, the impact of the country’s economic situation on the company’s investment (Ademmer and Jannsen 2018). In addition, there are many other factors that influence the choice of the company’s economic strategy, which must be considered to change or reject the Lithuanian market.

Profitability Investment Factor

The purpose of the article is to identify and evaluate the financial factors related to the investment behavior of Lithuanian companies.

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To determine the factors that influence the investment behavior of Lithuanian companies that are not related to financial activities, the study is divided into five stages. The first part covers the annual financial reports of Lithuanian companies for the last 11 years. The purpose of the collection is to collect relevant data for further research and to determine the proportion of the total amount to financial assets. In this way, it is possible to determine how often companies invest in financial instruments during research. However, this method does not allow the decision of the investment policy of the company. For this purpose, a regression analysis was carried out to see how this amount of financial assets is related to the selected independent variables. In the third part of the research, a fundamental analysis is carried out, the aim is to verify the results obtained in the first part and to identify the main factors that cause the investment behavior of companies. This method combines existing information and expands the information and creates new variables that are not correlated with each other and can be used in regression analysis. Therefore, in the fourth step, a new model is obtained with the independent variables recalculated. At the end of the entire study, the results obtained from the first and second regression analysis are compared. The main sources of income of Lithuanian companies and the reasons for their investment are classified.

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The novelty and significance of the article are related to two aspects: first, the participation of Lithuanian companies whose main activity is not related to investments in the financial markets, has not been analyzed and, in second, the factors that shaped the company’s economic strategy. Lithuania have not been analyzed. This is very relevant for Lithuania because, on the one hand, it is necessary to promote the investments of business enterprises in the financial markets; on the other hand, it is important to know the main reasons.

To achieve the goal, a comparative and systematic analysis of the scientific literature of Lithuanian and foreign authors and the expansion method was used. The analysis of the financial reports of the companies is done with a comparative method. The influence of the selected factors on the financial value of the company is determined by carrying out a correlation-regression analysis. The study uses factor analysis to identify groups of factors that affect investment performance. The indicators were calculated and presented graphically with the Microsoft Office suite spreadsheet Excel, regression and factor analysis were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics (Statistical Product and Service Solutions). Annual financial data of Lithuanian companies for the period 2008-2018 were used for the calculation.

Investors are faced with some financial decisions or financial decisions that are the main source of financial behavior research. According to the theory, modern financial theory is very different from the efficient market hypothesis, which says that prices reflect all the information available in the market and that investors are rational, economic and informative.

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