Profitable Investment Harita Inşaat

Profitable Investment Harita Inşaat – Perspective: Today, the regeneration of space is more visible through the process of urban transformation due to the gradual reduction of empty spaces and open spaces that require regeneration through neoliberal policies. Profits from urban land ownership became attractive to means of wealth accumulation such as trade and real production during inflationary periods; This has made urban land, a rare commodity, speculative. In this article, the spatial diffusion of the accumulation regime and its causes are examined in relation to each other as profit-oriented pressures reproduce space. In this framework, the transition map of Istanbul was drawn for the period after 1980 when land became property, determining the relationship between these processes in their time periods and the relationship between the capital accumulation system and the transition/growth area of ​​Istanbul. defined.

Concept: In the present time, the regeneration of space is mainly done through urban transformation as cities are depleting vacant spaces for growth and need regeneration according to neoliberal policies. Land ownership rents have become more attractive compared to returns from productive and commercial investment, and urban land, a limited resource, has become an object of speculative investment. This article examines the geographical distribution of this capital accumulation system and its causal factors, with particular emphasis on inter-relationships. In this context, since the 1980s, when urban land was sold, a transition map of Istanbul is created and the factors behind the transition and their relationships are explained. These data demonstrate that hegemonic systems of accumulation determine transition/urbanization zones.

Profitable Investment Harita Inşaat

Today, urban transformation is mainly due to the regeneration of areas, empty urban areas and the gradual decline of areas requiring regeneration due to neoliberal policies.

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With the so-called processes. During inflation the profits from urban land ownership became more desirable than means of wealth accumulation such as trade and real production; This has made urban land, a rare commodity, speculative. Although profit-oriented pressures have changed the shape of space, it seems inevitable to examine the causes of space diffusion and processes. Within this framework, this article aims to map the transformation of Istanbul since the 1980s, where space has become a tool of capitalization processes, and to show that these processes determine Istanbul’s transition/growth zone.

In this context, first of all, a transition map of Istanbul was drawn, the investments creating the transition were determined on this map, the interrelationships of these investments were discussed, and the condition of the urban areas, especially the areas that entered or were under pressure in the process of residential and industrial urban transformation, was assessed. was done In this context, many housing projects, luxury/detached housing projects, residential areas, shopping malls, urban transport projects and large commercial centers developed by TOKİ and KİPTAŞ, urban transition/regeneration (KDM) areas, which are commonly seen in history and slums. . , the determinants of urban change brought about by the 1/100.000 Istanbul Environmental Plan (ÇDP) with a scale of 1/100.000 such as industrial area (SD) whose dynamic/changing activity and central division were analyzed on the map of Istanbul. Using geographic information. system; The transformation of the built environment and its potential for transformation as well as the causes and interrelationships of the transformation in question are revealed.

In an article from the 1970s, Castells (1975) states that all areas from London to Barcelona are heavily invested, built using advanced technology, and generate large profits. During these later years, when there was still a large gap between economic needs and urban development, Harvey (1989; 1996; 1997; 2003) in his various studies described the process of fundraising through the use of land/urban development. data and explained how surplus determines the growth of cities and investment in cities. Smith (2002) describes this process as the construction of urban neoliberalism.

The neoliberal literature on urbanization is closely linked to the global urban literature. Sassen (1991), one of the most prominent researchers in the globalization literature, shows the regions and places of cities, their acquisition of the global city and its sequential position in parallel; Many researchers present the dark side of global processes with various examples and show the disadvantages caused by these processes that create urban inequality, poverty and unemployment[

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. While Keider (1993) questions Istanbul’s competitiveness in a global competition that integrates cities, Yalçıntan (2005; 2006) criticizes this established language for separating local politics from the region and its citizens, arguing that understandings of national development have been eroded; Erkan (1996), on the other hand, critically studied the position of Istanbul in international urban management. Based on this literature, increasing competition between cities and urban businesses is argued to attract international investors[

. In this context, Takeli (1987; 1988), who gives early warnings, points to the increased interest of big money in urban land after 1980 and explains that a new stage in the distribution of urban rents has been reached. This struggle to reproduce the area and share the benefit of the area produced has often been discussed in the example of Istanbul (Yalçıntan, 1999; 2005; Gülöksüz, 2002; Yırtici, 2005; Eraydın, 2006), and the binary binary. The structures created by the neoliberal system of urbanization are presented statistically in Istanbul. (Sonemez, 1996).

This process, which started in developed parts of the world and led to the accumulation of capital in urban land, is seen as a modern dream and the development scenario of developing countries today. In almost all countries, various interventions are being developed for urban fabric that is dilapidated or has lost its function; These interventions come in different forms such as urban development and urban renewal, often under the name of urban transformation.

The term urbanization was first used in Europe, II. It was used for interventions that rebuilt devastated cities after World War II. The devastation caused by the war and the beginning of the process of industrialization in the cities created undefined, empty, abandoned, burnt and destroyed urban areas. Repair, reconstruction, renovation etc. Among these places. All interventions aimed at transforming cities are essential. Since the 1990s, the urban revolution has taken the form of relegating the working class and the poor living mainly in urban areas to peri-urban areas, centering classes associated with the process of globalization and all processes. Jobs among these groups, in the neoliberal process of urbanization defined above. In fact, according to Rousseau (2008:87), urban transformation is the localization of neoliberal theory. Cities develop their institutions risking everything to be included in the international list; Thus attracting the creative class, investors and tourists (Bourdin, 2005).

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In the scope of this study, the phenomenon of urban transformation is considered as a holistic process involving all social, economic and spatial changes.

. Ataöv and Osmay, (2007:57) describe urban transformation in terms of relating spatial transformation to social and economic processes: “All processes in which visible, social and economic changes occur in urban areas are defined as ‘events of urban transformation’. ‘. . In addition to urban areas that have changed through political and legal means in recent years, the processes that have changed or been changed automatically by external factors in the last fifty years and initiated social transformation are also considered within the scope of urban transformation.

Kurtuluş and Türkün (2005) begin the process of urban transformation in Istanbul from the 19th century and examine it in 3 periods. Therefore, the first period follows the pains of common development and formation of the nation state and is part of the development of the country. A second time, II. It is a unique and spontaneous era of urbanization that started after World War II. The third period, on the other hand, emerged as a process shaped by socio-economic reforms and the impact of neoliberal policies since the 1980s. In addition to this periodic proposition, we argue that the process that began with the AKP government in 2002, at the end of the 1990s, points to a fourth period of urban transformation. The transformations that took place during this period reflect a strategy of restructuring and a process of accelerating growth by radically changing the structure of the city. On the one hand, this revolution, which can be read as a new modern movement, is accompanied, on the other hand, by a process in which the city is integrated with capitalism through a process of capital accumulation in an unprecedented way. In the framework of this new reform process to be explored in Istanbul in the 2000s, the discussion about the types of reforms gains importance. During this period, we determined that urban change occurs in 4 different ways[

It should be noted that processes of change occur in such a way that sometimes only one of these various types, sometimes more than one, sometimes all are active; Each example has some general implications, but can also have its own unique story and implications.

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To reveal the transformation map of Istanbul, a large amount of data was obtained from different sources and/or produced in different ways, processed as different layers in GIS and a common map was reached. In this section, the data that make up these layers will be explained, then, by reading these data on the map, both their integration and their relationship with other information will be discussed, and finally their implications for the transformation process of Istanbul. Determined

In this framework, first, large investments were analyzed through the transformation of housing, factories, shipyards and port areas and the separation of institutions, which was achieved through master plan decisions. Major projects developed by senior management outside of this plan after high-level plan decisions and unfortunately render the plan ineffective[

Along with the project, major municipal projects that may involve change and especially transportation projects are discussed. In this framework, existing and proposed axes along with major transport projects such as 3rd bridge and connecting roads, city subways, metrobus lines and Marmaray are added to the transformation map in terms of establishing relationships and their triggers/followers. Results Apart from this, luxury/domestic residences, residences, shopping malls, office developments, hotels, conference centers, private universities and hospitals and other public and private investments that we have determined as prestigious projects, our team can decide within the framework. of research, were mapped and areas of concentration and linkages were explored.

. All these investments and decisions, on the one hand, include sensitive areas/natural/natural corridors, forest areas, 2D areas, watershed areas, urban/natural/archaeological areas, etc., which are seen as ‘red lines’ in Istanbul. In CDP. It is evaluated as readable together with the field. Finally, the areas of Istanbul, which are not all negatively related to urban change, are added to the map and their correlation with all other data is explored.

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The Istanbul Environmental Plan (CDP), approved in 2009, is a plan that places the concept of change at the center. CDP’s global competitiveness, earthquake resistance, cleanliness, welfare, sustainability etc. The general economic structure of the city of Istanbul, employment, land use in the sector, industry and port activities, areas under the service sector and unhealthy and illegal housing and issues towards change with emphasis on the continuation of trade. Locations In this section, the issues targeted for change will be discussed within the framework of partners in space.

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